Papilio menatius (Hubner, 1819)

Puerto Vallarta, MX; 6/83  ssp. morelius
El Refugio Ahupachan, El Salvador; 5/97 male ssp victorinus El Refugio Ahupachan, El Salvador; 5/97 female form amphissus.
"Costa Rica" leg: Ebner; December ssp laetitia "Costa Rica" ssp archytas
Saul, French Guiana Sept 1987 ssp aristeus (menatius) Antimano, Venezuela; 7/81   coroebus ( = phaeton)
Pedio Ruiz, 1500 meters, Amazonas, Peru Nov 1998  ssp coelebs
Pedio Ruiz, 1500 meters, Amazonas, Peru Nov 1998  ssp coelebs female yellow morph Iquitos, Loreto, Peru 100m Dec 2000 ssp ctesiades female green morph
Iquitos, Loreto, Peru 100m Dec 1998  ssp ctesiades Tingo Maria, 670m Peru; 5/97  ssp  eurotas ( = bitias)
Caranavi, N Yungas, Bolivia; 2/94  ssp lenaeus Orinoco Delta, Venezuela ssp lemoulti  PARATYPE 

   Wide range and much geographic variation, from both coasts of Mexico south to Bolivia (tranandean), and a few isolated populations in SE Brazil (cleotas) and the Guianas (the nominate race which seems to be rather rare). Many ssp have been treated in the past as full species. Most forms of P menatius are readily interbred with closely related species to produce interesting hybrids. Papilio diazi (Known from Tepotzlan, Morelos, Mexico) is felt by some experts to be a hybrid of P menatius morelius with P garamas. Papilio judicael (from Oxapampa Peru) is either a hybrid of P m lenaeus or eurotas with P. warscewiczii, or a scarce and well differentiated subspecies of P menatius.

    Subspecies listed in order from northernmost to southermost:

           victorinus
           morelius
           vulneratus
           laetitia
           syndesmis
           coroebis
           lemoulti
           ctesiades
           coelebs
           eurotas
           vilcanotus
           lenaeus
           cleotas